Planetary Mass Converter
Convert between Earth masses, Jupiter masses, solar masses, and kilograms
Planetary Mass Converter
Earth Masses
Jupiter Masses
Solar Masses
Kilograms
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Terrestrial Planet
Gas Giant
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Moon
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White Dwarf
Red Dwarf
Red Supergiant
Black Hole
Supermassive Black Hole
Understanding Planetary Masses
Astronomers use various units to express the masses of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies. The choice of unit depends on the object being measured, as masses in our universe span an extraordinary range.
Earth Mass (M⊕)
Earth's mass (5.972 × 1024 kg) is used as a reference unit for terrestrial planets, dwarf planets, and moons. For example, Mars has a mass of 0.107 Earth masses, while Venus has 0.815 Earth masses.
Jupiter Mass (MJ)
Jupiter's mass (1.898 × 1027 kg) is used for gas giants and brown dwarfs. Jupiter is 317.8 times more massive than Earth. Saturn, the second largest planet, has a mass of 0.299 Jupiter masses.
Solar Mass (M☉)
The Sun's mass (1.989 × 1030 kg) is used for stars, star clusters, galaxies, and black holes. One solar mass equals 1,047.6 Jupiter masses or 333,000 Earth masses. Most stars have masses between 0.1 and 100 solar masses.
Interesting Mass Comparisons
- The Milky Way galaxy has a mass of approximately 1.5 trillion (1.5 × 1012) solar masses
- Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, has a mass of about 4.15 million solar masses
- The most massive known star, R136a1, has a mass of about 315 solar masses
- The International Space Station has a mass of about 420,000 kg, or 7.0 × 10-20 Earth masses
Black Holes
Black holes range enormously in mass, from stellar-mass black holes at 5-100 solar masses to supermassive black holes with millions or billions of solar masses. The largest known black hole, TON 618, is estimated to have a mass of 66 billion solar masses.
Exoplanets
Exoplanets come in a wide range of masses. The smallest discovered so far are about 0.02 Earth masses, while the largest can exceed 10 Jupiter masses. Planets above about 13 Jupiter masses may undergo deuterium fusion and are often classified as brown dwarfs rather than planets.
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About the Planetary Mass Converter
Convert between Earth masses, Jupiter masses, solar masses, and kilograms All conversions run instantly in your browser and nothing you enter is sent to a server.
Common Conversion Formulas
| From | To | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Earth Masses (M⊕) | Kilograms (kg) | kg = M⊕ × 5.972 × 10²⁴ |
| Jupiter Masses (Mⱼ) | Earth Masses (M⊕) | M⊕ = Mⱼ × 317.8 |
| Solar Masses (M☉) | Jupiter Masses (Mⱼ) | Mⱼ = M☉ × 1047.6 |